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UPAC NEWS

NEWSLETTER FOR THE UTAH PROFESSIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL COUNCIL

Published Biannually
Winter 2002

Garth Portillo, President
Jason Bright, Editor

UPAC Officers:

Garth Portillo, President
BLM State Office, P.O. Box 45155, Salt Lake City, UT 84145-0155, (801) 539-4276, Garth_Portillo@ut.blm.gov

Kristine Curry, Vice President Government and Research
675 East 500 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, (801) 538-5181, kcurry.tlmain@state.ut.us

Rachel Quist, Secretary
Directorate of Environmental Programs, Bldg 5330, Room 1516, Dugway, UT 84022, quistr@dpg.army.mil

Steven Simms, Utah Archaeology Editor
Dept. of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan UT, 84322-0730, (435) 797-1277, ssimms@hass.usu.edu

Kristen Jensen, Vice President Membership & Ethics
329 A West 3rd Avenue, Dugway, UT, 84022, (435) 831-3587, kjensen@dugway-emh3.army.mil

Lori Hunsaker, Treasurer
University of Utah Anthropology, 270 South 1400 East Room 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0060, (801) 585-6444, lahunsaker@hotmail.com

Bonnie Bass, Newsletter Editor
University of Utah Anthropology, 270 South 1400 East Room 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0060, (801) 585-6444

From the Editor (out-going)

Hello, and welcome to the next installment of UPAC’s illustrious newsletter. We had a lot of responses to my last call, so this is a long one. Thank Dave we went electronic, printing this would have bankrupted us. Before getting into it, there are a couple items of business I need to mention.

First, we are in the midst of an election. The voting deadline is Valentine’s Day, February 14th, 2002. We have included a list of nominees in this issue of the newsletter. This is not a ballot. Ballots have already been mailed to those voting members who are current dues-payers. Please see below.

Second, many UPAC members work with the BLM or some other Dept. of the Interior agency. As you may know, the DOI’s e-mail is off-line until further notice. This means that some members will not be receiving this newsletter in a timely fashion. If you happen to know anyone in this situation, and have an alternate e-mail address for any of these people, please forward it to me, and I’ll get this out to them as soon as possible. I know they are dying to see this issue.

Third, and finally, you may remember that I am not actually your newsletter editor. Technically, I resigned when I had plans to go back to Namibia, and Bonnie Bass was elected to replace me. Of course, she took off to Australia when I should have been going to Namibia, so I stayed on as editor until she returned. Well, she’s back. I talked to her the other day, and she is eagerly awaiting her chance to serve as your newsletter editor. Submissions should still be sent to upacnews@hotmail.com. Thanks to everyone who helped me out with submissions, ideas and patience. Vive le UPAC. - JB.

UPAC BUSINESS
Minutes: UPAC Spring Business Meeting, April 27, 2001
Campout Between Hurricane and Hilldale, Utah

Presiding: Garth Portillo
Meeting called to order at 2:00pm, 17 people and 3 dogs in attendance.

1. Review & Approve Minutes of Fall Meeting
The minutes of the Fall business meeting are included in the last newsletter.
Minutes of the fall meeting reviewed and approved.

2. Brief Call to Old Business
Steve Simms: UPAC to pay for excess costs of Utah Archaeology journal. Approximately $400-$500 for the Editorial Assistant and $500-$600 for various other costs, total bill to UPAC, about $1,000. The current volume is at the printers and production cost is $8.00 a copy. Last year UPAC purchased about 120 copies and the state, USAS, and Simms also purchased copies.
Garth Portillo: Simms will need to talk to the treasurer to take money out of the revolving funds.

3. Announce Election Winners and Seat New Officers
Garth Portillo: Only 11 ballots submitted for the current election. As Jason Bright has pending fieldwork in Africa, the newsletter position has become synchronized with the secretary and VP for government and research, thus three officers will be up for election each year.

Vice President for Government and Research: Kristine Curry (SITLA)
Secretary: Rachel Quist (Dugway Proving Ground)
Newsletter: Bonnie Bass (Utah Museum of Natural History/Dept of Anthro Univ of Utah)

4. Treasurer’s Report/Membership Dues
Garth Portillo for Lori Hunsaker: Membership database has been established and contains members’ contact information and when dues were paid. Good response from reminder cards that were mailed out- some members paid for several years. If only one membership year payment was received it was applied to 2001, thus some folks may not receive the journal from past years- call Lori Hunsaker (after May 5, 2001) to see if you are current. No report on bank account information.

5. Archaeological Advisory Subcommittee (to State History Board)
Garth Portillo: Max Evans asked to set up this committee. Those attending the meetings include Joel Janetski, Pam Miller, Mike Polk, Bill Davis, Max Evans, State Attorney General Office, Wilson Martin, Craig Call, Kevin Jones, and Garth Portillo. This committee talks about several issues regarding archaeology: state permitting, burial issues, public products, IMACS/Data management, prehistory week, etc.

Public Product Issues:
Professional archaeologists are not doing well at getting the product (i.e., reports/information) to the general public. General discussions about having state and BLM documents published, popular monographs on major projects, web pages, internet publishing, etc. Not a lot of follow through and no recommendations yet.

Permits and Burial Issues:
Ron Rood: State History is working on permit renewal/revoking issues. The state strongly suggests that permits are obtained on private land, if human remains are discovered without a permit, problems may arise.
Garth Portillo: State law is silent on permits on PRIVATE land. A permissive permit system may be suggested. The BLM applies for a state permit because of burial issues. The state attorney general office indicates that it is up to the county to determine what to apply law to. Permits will be a major future issue and UPAC should come to a consensus.
Jim Dykman: Max and Wilson are using this committee to reduce SHPO ability to comment. Wilson is nervous about anything outside the narrow focus of the law regarding state (SITLA) land.
Steve Simms: Questions the composition of the committee. UPAC is a collective voice and does not appear to be involved. UPAC members who have an opinion must be the voice for UPAC. Perhaps an article in the newsletter on permitting issues and a solicitation for response (specifically from contractors) or perhaps a national document through ROPA/SAA.
Ron Rood: About a year ago a document titled “Permit Procedures” was written by Ron and Kevin and was reviewed by several people; it discussed how to get a permit, what a permit is, and how one is revoked. Max and Wilson did not allow this to be issued and will not allow a permit to be revoked. In addition, a minimum standards guidebook would not solve the problem because some folks will only do the minimum required.
Kate Toomey: Make a formal recommendation through UPAC committee, basic requirements for permitting and the consequences for failing to comply, etc.

Prehistory Week:
Garth Portillo: The committee was also asked to consider renaming Prehistory and Heritage Week: “Prehistory Week” or “Archaeology Week.” Perhaps run an archaeology week and a paleontology week at the same time.
Ron Rood for Kevin Jones: We should keep paleontology and archaeology together, both are popular with the public and paleo provides a lot of activities and funds. We should drop the Heritage portion as they contribute very little to funding or events. We also need to expand- more events and participation. A perception exists with the public that Utah does not have any archaeology.
Barbara Frank: Prehistory week is a good time to explain the difference between archaeology and paleontology.

6. UPAC and Site Protection Issues
Garth Portillo for Joel Janetski: UPAC should be a stronger force to preserve sites, example near Montezuma Creek.
Garth Portillo: UPAC has always been involved as long as it is brought to attention.

7. UPAC Ethics Statement/Letters for Publishing
Garth Portillo: Kristen Jensen is compiling a list of all Utah publishers and drafting a letter to define archaeology edicate. She will have a letter template by Fall Meeting. The Passoni publication not yet published by U of U press.

8. Mountain Meadows Update
Garth Portillo for Shane Baker: One of the Mountain Meadows associations is threatening a lawsuit over technical publications. They want ownership of any reports and all notes and documentation.
Ron Rood: Kevin, Max, and Wilson all received demanding letters and all indicated that they would wait for word from the Governor’s Office.
Jim Dykman: Some tribes are claiming discrimination- asking why Euro-American burials are treated differently.

9. Grant Monies Available
Ron Rood: Competition for annual $35,000. Money is available to non-profit volunteer organizations regarding archaeology and is a 50/50 match with time. UPAC may increase its advising capacity to get money for USAS. USAS may become institutionalized and get funds for equipment, rent buildings, projects, speakers, workshops, newsletters, etc.

10. Prehistory and Heritage Week 2001
Ron Rood: May 5-12 is Prehistory Week. The poster is from a 4th grade animation film. Film will be shown at Prehistory Week.

11. BLM Resource Advisory Committee Nominations Open Until April 30th
Garth Portillo: Five spots open in three categories. Must express interest before 5pm, April 30th.

12. New Business:
Ron Rood for Kevin Jones: The Redd case is before the state Supreme Court. Oral arguments are on June 4th. The Great Salt Lake human remains of the NW Shoshone will be interred in a burial vault at This is the Place State Park on May 11, 2001. Beatification is underway. The site stewardship position has been filled by Laura McKratcher. The Four Corners Site Stewardship Conference is October 10-12 in Blanding, Utah. The USAS convention is June 16-17 in Nine Mile Canyon/Price, Utah.
Jim Dykman: Reminder that a part-time position is available at State History: Archaeological Assistant, Antiquities/Compliance Section ($10.52/hour).
Garth Portillo: No volunteers for papers in the morning.

Meeting adjourned, 3:10 pm.
Submitted by Rachel Quist

Minutes: UPAC Fall Business Meeting, November 16, 2001
Utah Division of State History, Salt Lake City, Utah

Presiding: Garth Portillo
Meeting called to order at 1:10 pm, 52 people in attendance.

Review & Approve Minutes of Spring Meeting
Garth Portillo and Rachel Quist - The minutes of the spring business meeting were included in the last newsletter and copies made available to membership. Minutes of the fall meeting reviewed and approved by majority.

BLM Permit Requirements
Julie Howard – Copies of BLM permit requirements were made available to membership and are also available on BLM website.

Membership and Treasury Report
Lori Hunsaker - $4,381 in the savings account, $1,993 in the checking account. The membership since 1997 has steeply declined. In order to sustain UPAC, new members must join.
Kristen Jensen – Proposal to revisit the by-laws regarding duties of VP of Membership and the Treasurer. Several duties of the VP of Membership and the Treasurer overlap and it may be more efficient to reorganize. Currently, no proposal right now but the executive committee may want to pursue this later.
Dennis Weder – The UPAC by-laws are in an electronic format now.
Garth Portillo – Please work with the new officers for a formal proposal and present it at the next fall meeting.

Utah Archaeology Journal Status
Steve Simms – There is a new USAS editor – David Jabusch. Seven years ago we underwent a marketing effort to increase subscriptions. In the year 2000 (the last journal to be published) we distributed only 550 copies; this is down from previous years. The cost of the 2000 journal is $8.61 per copy. Utah Archaeology receives some subsidy from Utah State University (in the form of an intern). Thus, per issue copy now includes production cost, less Utah State University subsidy. This adds about $1.00 a copy. Therefore, it is much better to raise the membership numbers to help support the journal cost. UPAC can ask gift shops or libraries to carry the journal; this would also help the budget. Libraries, etc, do not want a technical journal but technical articles will continue to be included. The journal will need to support this balance. Utah Archaeology 2001 is in production. Professionals need to continue to submit articles. The Advocational Corner section (which premiered in the 2000 journal) will continue in the future. A photo essay section will also be included in the next edition.
Kevin Jones – We need to find other ways to subsidize the cost of Utah Archaeology. USAS contributes $8.00 per membership to the journal. We must keep the cost of the journal down for USAS or UPAC may loose the support of USAS. State History has a fund devoted to Utah Archaeology but it is nearly depleted and cannot support next year’s journal. UPAC has also subsidized the cost of Utah Archaeology in the past. USAS must be involved and we must keep their subscriptions. Grants may possibly be available.
Steve Simms – USAS purchased 169 journals for the 2000 year.
Ron Rood – USAS has a stable membership. They are happy with the Advocational Corner
Dorde Woodruff - Ask USAS to pay more for the journal.
Kevin Jones – The USAS budget is too tight and any deficit spending by USAS may result in its demise. Application forms for USAS and UPAC are on the state history web page.
Garth Portillo – UPAC is also on a tight budget. In summary, the goal is to increase membership and put a mechanism into place to stabilize budgeting.

Nominations for Office
Kristen Jensen

VP for Membership and Ethics:
1. Kryslyn Tate (accepted)
2. Jennifer Eberlein (accepted)
3. Jaynie Hirschi (accepted)
4. Joelle McCarthy
5. Jim Allison
6. Don Southworth (accepted)
7. Heather Weymouth
8. Jim O’Connell

Treasurer:
1. Sonia Hutmacher (accepted)
2. Charmaine Thompson (accepted)
3. Corinne Springer (declined)
4. Sharyl Kinnear-Ferris (accepted)
5. Chis Lizotte

President:
1. Matt Seddon (accepted)
2. Debbie Westfall (accepted – tentative)
3. Keith Montgomery (declined)
4. John Senulis (accepted)

Additional nominations for president:
1. Mike Berry (declined)
2. David Madsen

Additional nominations for Treasurer:
1. Peter Ainsworth

Additional nominations for VP of Membership and Ethics: none

All nominations were seconded and passed.
Elections will take place within 60 days via mail.

Update on State History Records/GIS Efforts
Kristen Jensen – The state of Utah declined to support State History records management/GIS. We may call on the private sector for support because many agencies have already contributed.

Special Membership Announcement
Kevin Jones – The UPAC by-laws include a UPAC Fellow. A Fellow is a voting member but does not pay dues. UPAC Fellows include Rick Holmer, Jim Wilde, Joel Janetski, David Madsen, Rick Thompson, and Jesse Jennings. A majority vote of the UPAC membership or 10 sponsorships will grant the Fellow status. A proposal has been issued to make Renee Weder a UPAC Fellow. She has helped with the Utah Archaeology Journal for the past 5 years, keeps the UPAC membership lists current, performs mailings, markets the journal, manages the journal’s membership rolls, and performs as a back up to the secretary and the treasurer.
Garth Portillo- We already have 10 sponsorships but we would like a vote from the membership as well.
Unanimous vote passed.

Utah Museum of Natural History Curation Issues
Duncan Metcalfe – Curator of archaeology at the Utah Museum of Natural History (UMNH). The museum’s anthropology collections space (about 6,800 sq feet) is nearly full. Professionals must have a curation agreement for a permit and thus the professional community must think about this concern. Professionals must think about collecting only those items that are important. Everything that is collected may not necessarily be curated. Future possibilities include 1) building a new museum (the plans of which have been pushed back 2-3 years). 2) Outside storage, which is expensive. 3) Curate items only for the legal mandate of 60 years.
Garth Portillo – All museums are concerned about space. We can all help out over the short term by deciding what to collect.
Duncan Metcalfe – Additionally, historic collections take up too much volume. My staff is trained in prehistoric items and they are not qualified to accept historic collections. This state needs a historic museum with a PhD on staff.
Garth Portillo – This is a national problem. Some proposals want a museum representative on all field expeditions or field staff to consult with a museum representative prior to conducting fieldwork.

SUWA and Wilderness Issues
Andrew Hartzig of the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of BLM lands. SUWA boasts 15,000 members, half of which are in Utah. A bill is before congress to make 9.1 million acres wilderness. SUWA would like the support of UPAC on this measure (i.e., a letter). UPAC sent a letter of support for a similar bill in 1995. A report on cultural resource management regarding wilderness protection will be released in early 2002. The report will examine threats to archaeological sites (due to off road vehicle damage, development, and grazing) and it notes the challenges in working in wilderness areas (no motorized vehicles or power tools). Archaeological properties are contained in these 9.1 million acres. Archaeological resource protection is similar to wilderness protection in that roadless areas deter vandalism. Visitors will not increase due to wilderness status. Wilderness status will prohibit energy development, restrict motorized vehicles, and reduce the amount of section 106 work.

Wilderness Discussion (UPAC Membership)
Erik Kreusch – Not having access to roads and motorized vehicles is a concern. SUWA should pursue areas without existing roads.
Andrew Hartzig (SUWA) – Inconveniences to archaeologists include: no mortised vehicles to access sites (but 80% of proposal within one mile of a road); more hiking and carrying of gear; and restrictions on power tool use.
Dennis Weder – Development aids archaeology. That is how most sites are found (Section 106).
Andrew Hartzig (SUWA) – There will be development in other areas.
Duncan Metcalfe – The 1995 letter that UPAC wrote was good and keeping large areas roadless is a good idea. Future archaeologists will be much better and we should leave those areas for the future. Protection of sites is the key to archaeology. It may be more inconvenient to paleontologists than to archaeologists (heavier items). I argue for UPAC support of this measure. The VP for Government Affairs should coordinate this issue.
Matt Seddon – It might be difficult for business if consultants are perceived as advocating non-development. It is difficult to endorse something seen as anti-development.
Andrew Hartzig (SUWA) – Did that happen after 1995?
Kevin Jones – UPAC can support an issue without a business being viewed as supporting an issue. I support appointing a representative to SUWA and encourage UPAC support.
David Madsen – The greatest impact to archaeological sites has been increased visitation. Wilderness designation will increase visitation to these areas. We can support some areas designated as wilderness but not others. In addition, larger continuous areas should be designated as wilderness, not just patchy mountain areas.
Andrew Hartzig (SUWA) – We must abide by the 1964 Wilderness Act. I am not sure how wilderness designation will impact visitation but wilderness is generally a net benefit.
David Madsen - We need to appoint someone to read the SUWA statement and report back to the Executive Committee and then take action.
Steve Simms - The minutes and letter from 1995 should be in the UPAC records. Some of the same issues were addressed at that time.
Kevin Jones - Motion to:
1. The Executive Committee will appoint a representative to read the SUWA report.
2. The Executive Committee or representative will post the SUWA information on yahoo groups or other email distribution sources for membership discussion.
3. The Executive Committee or representative will post the UPAC minutes regarding the 1995 discussion on yahoo groups or other email distribution sources for membership discussion.
4. The appointed representative will report to Executive Committee for action.
5. The Executive Committee will take action.
(Motion seconded and unanimously passed.)
Garth Portillo – As a BLM employee I will recluse myself from the future process due to a perceived conflict of interest. The VP’s will coordinate further.

ARPA Discussion: Cross Boundary Coordination
Lori Hunsaker – We can do better at coordinating cross boundary ARPA issues. Looting and vandalism is increasing and BLM law enforcement wants training on archaeological resources. I propose to work with and teach law enforcement and to work with special interest groups about what to do when they see vandalism. Kristen Jensen’s position, VP of membership and ethics, would be a good coordinator for this. We need to be more proactive about stopping and educating the public and law enforcement about this issue.
Garth Portillo – Utah leads the nation in ARPA convictions. This is largely due to Rudy Mauldin’s efforts.
Rudy Mauldin (Special Agent Criminal Investigator for the BLM, investigator in the Earl Shumway & Redd cases). Regarding ARPA, there is no interagency participation. It is still socially accepted to dig up artifacts and rogue archaeologists do some of the looting. Jurisdictional issues are not as important as protecting archaeology. It is up to UPAC to make archaeology important to voters, to encourage patrols, site monitoring, and site stewardship. I can assist in any training course offered.
Garth Portillo – Can we perform training or increase visibility at any local law enforcement meetings or gatherings?
Rudy Mauldin – The key person to contact is the county attorney; this person decides what to prosecute. We have taken some of the US attorneys on tours and shown them the resources in order to raise awareness.
Joel Janetski – Agreed, we need support from the upper levels.
Corinne Springer – Often the problem is local jurors and law enforcement, not the federal folks.
Garth Portillo- UPAC must be involved at the local level. As individuals we can report problems. ARPA HOTLINE 1-800-722-3998.

A motion for the UPAC executive committee to write letters to the Attorney General and local law enforcement was proposed. We can post the letter for comments on the yahoo groups list serve. (Seconded.)

Other Business
Steve Simms – USAS and UPAC have a voice and can be a powerful medium to the public. We need to be more visible.
Kevin Jones – UPAC and USAS need to coordinate meetings and be more together on issues.
Ron Rood – We have revamped the USAS education curriculum and are now soliciting professionals to teach this course. USAS also needs people to teach workshops (there might be funding for these). Also, as individuals, USAS, or UAPC, we can contact the news media about legalities of pot hunting.

Meeting adjourned, 3:00 pm.
Submitted by Rachel Quist

ELECTIONS

Elections 2002-2004 are currently underway and the response so far has been tremendous! Members whose dues are current will have already received their ballots. Ballots are numbered to allow email voting while ensuring no duplicate votes. We cannot accept your vote without a ballot number.

DUES!

To receive a numbered ballot, please send your dues payment to:
Lori Hunsaker; Treasurer; 370 Bryan Ave; SLC, UT 84115
$25 for professional membership, $12.50 for students. Hurry, votes are due no later than Valentine’s Day 2002!

Nominees

Byron Loosle – President
No biography submitted

Matt Seddon – President
I am currently PI for the Cultural Resources Program at SWCA in SLC. I have a Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of Chicago, more than 12 years of experience in prehistoric and historic archaeology in North and South America, and I have been working in the west for over 5 years, most recently UT, NV, and WY. I do a little of everything now, but my primary research interests include ritual, social organization, the Archaic, Formative, and Historical periods in Utah, as well as beer and pastries. I greatly enjoy working in the Utah professional archaeology community, and I would like to add my perspective to the many voices of UPAC. I would like to see UPAC continue to serve as means of connecting the various archaeological professionals in Utah, including academics, government archaeologists, and consultants. I would also like to see UPAC take a more visible role as professional archaeologists in the presentation of Utah's past to Utah's public.

Sonia Hutmacher – Treasurer
I have approximately eight years of experience in field archaeology, geoarchaeology, and analytical laboratory management and technique. I am currently employed with SWCA in SLC and serve as a geoarchaeologist and project manager. My responsibilities have included supervising and assisting with pedestrian surveys, excavation of prehistoric and historical sites, monitoring construction activities, geoarchaeological analyses, artifact analyses, and report production and supervision. I received a B.A. in Geology from Western State College of Colorado (Gunnison, CO) in 1997 and an M.A in Anthropology from Eastern New Mexico University (Portales, NM) in 2000. I enjoy classical literature and language, creative writing, and spending time with my two cats, Ishi Kito and Onyx.

Charmaine Thompson – Treasurer
I am the Heritage Specialist for the Uinta National Forest, based in Provo, Utah. I have an M.A. in Anthropology from BYU, and have done research in Anasazi subsistence and architecture, Western U.S. mining, homesteading, and the 1865-1897 Army.

Peter Ainsworth – Treasurer
No biography submitted

Jaynie Hirschi – VP for Membership & Ethics
I received my undergraduate degree in Anthropology from Weber State University in 1995, and am presently finishing up an MA in Anthropology at Colorado State University. The past 10 years have allowed me the opportunity to participate in numerous archaeological investigations in UT, NV, CO, ID, and NM while working for various federal and private agencies. I am currently an employee of the NPS, contracted for the past 1 1/2 years as an archaeologist at Hill AFB. Surprisingly enough, my love of the mud flats out on the Testing Range in the West Desert has only increased. After spending a few years in Colorado, I am so happy to once again be working in the fabulous Great Basin.

Jim O’Connell – VP for Membership & Ethics
Education: Ph.D. (1971), University of California (Berkeley).
Research interests: evolutionary ecology, hunter-gatherers, ethnoarchaeology, human evolution
Fieldwork: western North America, Australia, East Africa

Joelle McCarthy – VP for Membership & Ethics
No biography submitted

Asa Nielson – VP for Membership & Ethics
Asa has been active in cultural resource management since 1976. He holds a BA & MA degree in Anthropology (BYU 1974, 1978) and a J.D. (BYU 1991). He has worked with various cultural resource management companies, with the State Historic Preservation Office (Antiquities 1978-1981), and helped organize and direct the Office of Public Archaeology (BYU) from 1981-1988. He is currently C.E.O./P.I. for Baseline Data, Inc. in American Fork. His primary interests are Great Basin/Colorado Plateau prehistory and archaeology, Great Basin/Colorado Plateau history and archaeology, environmental and preservation law.

Jennifer Eberlien – VP for Membership & Ethics
Born in Minnesota and raised primarily in Wisconsin, this Midwestern girl is a fairly recent resident of Salt Lake City (May 2001). I attended the University of Minnesota - Minneapolis for my undergraduate in anthropology and headed to NAU in Flagstaff for my master's. I began my career in cultural resource management with the Forest Service in Wisconsin in 1992. Since then, I have completed projects for the Forest Service in Wisconsin, Arizona, Montana, South Carolina, Ohio, and most recently South Korea.
I'm enjoying living in Salt Lake and exploring the surrounding country.

Jim Allison – VP for Membership & Ethics
I was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area, and came to Utah in the early 1980s to go to school. I have B.S. and M.A. degrees from Brigham Young University, and a Ph.D. from Arizona State. For the past six years, I have been an archaeologist for Baseline Data, Inc. The things that interest me most in archaeology are understanding craft production, exchange, and social organization in small-scale societies. I am also interested in ceramic analysis, quantitative methods, and archaeological theory. I have worked in a number of places in the Southwest and eastern Great Basin, but I am happiest when dealing with the Puebloan archaeology of the Virgin and Four Corners regions. When I'm not doing archaeology I like to read, listen to music, play the guitar, ride my mountain bike, play basketball, and hang out with my wife and kids.

Don Southworth --VP for Membership & Ethics
No biography submitted

Krislyn Taite – VP for Membership & Ethics
I am an Archaeologist and Project Manager with SWCA in Salt Lake City. I earned a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of California, Davis, and an M.A. in Anthropology from California State University, Chico. Prior to working for SWCA, I owned my own faunal analysis company in California for three years with clients from the state, federal, and private sectors. With over 13 years of experience, I have worked on a variety of archaeological projects in Utah, California, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming, with emphasis on Central California and the Great Basin Region. Recent projects include the 2002 Olympic Village at Fort Douglas, a +400 mile-long fiber optic route from Salt Lake City to Las Vegas, and various transportation-related projects in Salt Lake, Davis, Utah, Carbon, and San Juan counties.

UPAC’s Response To SUWA’s Wilderness Proposal

Wilderness Position Statement
Following Andrew Hartsig’s presentation at the Fall Meeting, SUWA’s Cultural Resources Report was posted to the UPAC web group. UPAC member, Attorney Kate Toomey was appointed by the Executive Committee to compile comments from the ensuing discussion. It was soon decided that UPAC would not endorse SUWA’s report, but rather submit a position statement addressing the effects of wilderness designation on cultural resources. A draft was posted to the web group for comment, but there were no responses. The Executive Committee, with the exception of President Garth Portillo who chose to respectfully abstain, formally adopted the document prepared by Ms. Toomey. The following statement was ultimately submitted to SUWA for inclusion in their press package that they intend to release for media coverage during the 2002 Winter Games.

Position Statement of the Utah Professional Archaeological Council Concerning the Proposed Wilderness Designation
January 15, 2002

The Utah Professional Archaeological Council and Its Role in Representing Professional Archeological Interests in Political and Public Forums

UPAC is a non-profit voluntary association founded in 1982 for the purpose of maintaining and promoting the goals of professional archaeology in the State of Utah. Its members include professional archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians, as well as students and members of recognized amateur archaeological or historical societies, who work, volunteer, or have an interest in Utah’s prehistory and history. UPAC’s membership encompasses a diverse cross-section of practicing professionals from all facets of the field—university and college professors and staff, state and federal agency archaeologists, museum curators and administrators, and private consulting firm owners and employees—and derives not only from Utah, but also from its surrounding states.

UPAC’s goals include “establishing and promoting a mechanism to represent professional archaeological interests in political and public forums.” UPAC Bylaws, Art. III, § 1(b). Nevertheless, because of the diversity of UPAC’s membership, consensus is impossible on a subject such as whether wilderness designation would best promote, or indeed is consistent with, the other goals identified in UPAC’s Bylaws. Simply stated, the comments made by members at the annual meeting and in writing since that time demonstrate an array of opinions as diverse as the composition of UPAC’s membership. Accordingly, this Position Statement attempts to reflect that diversity.

UPAC members must adhere to or support the Code of Ethics. See UPAC Bylaws, Art. V, §§ 3(c), 4(c), 5(c), 7(c). The Code of Ethics requires individual archaeologists to “actively support conservation of the archaeological resources base.” UPAC Code of Ethics, Art. I, § 1(b). Moreover, in pursuit of its goals, UPAC as an organization “shall promote and support legislative, regulatory, and voluntary programs that forbid and discourage all activities that result in the loss of scientific knowledge and access to sites and artifacts. . . . Conduct that results in such losses is declared contrary to the ideals and objectives of the Council.” UPAC Bylaws, Art. III, § 2. Thus, archaeologists generally agree that professional associations and their individual members should promote the goal of preserving and protecting cultural resources from non-scientific depredation.

There is, however, disagreement among professional archaeologists concerning how preservation is most effectively achieved, especially in view of the sometimes competing considerations, from the individual members’ perspectives, of conducting archaeological research itself. Although doing archeological research is not an explicitly identified goal in UPAC’s Bylaws, arguably it is one of the association’s implicit goals, inasmuch as the goals themselves include promoting high research standards, publication of research results, and “concern with the archaeology of Utah.” UPAC Bylaws, Art. III, § 1.

UPAC’s Previous Endorsement of Wilderness Designation as a Means of Protecting Archaeological Resources

In 1995, UPAC wrote a letter to Utah’s Governor Leavitt favoring a proposal to designate 5.7 million acres of wilderness on Bureau of Land Management land in Utah. The letter was included among the materials submitted for the Hearings Before the Subcommittee on National Parkes, Forests and Lands of the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. At that time, UPAC “endorsed the Citizens Proposal for 5.7 million acres of wilderness,” and did so “because we believe that wilderness designation could be one of the most effective mechanisms of preserving and protecting the rapidly diminishing traces of Utah’s heritage.” Letter from UPAC to Governor Michael Leavitt, May 15, 1995. The letter recognized the government’s commitment to protecting archaeological sites “through a variety of laws, regulations and the employment of professional archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians by almost every land managing agency in our state and federal governments,” but stated that notwithstanding this commitment, “our cultural legacy is threatened as sites are being damaged and destroyed at an alarming rate.” Id. Citing several scientific studies, the letter stated that “looting, pothunting, vandalism, development, over-visitation, and even inadvertent damage from wheeled vehicles . . . can be eliminated or greatly reduced through wilderness designation.” Id. The letter acknowledged that wilderness designation also inhibits access to sites for legitimate purposes, but concluded that “the benefits far outweigh the detractions of wilderness designation.” Id.

The Continuing Case for Wilderness Designation as a Means of Protecting Archaeological Resources

Some UPAC members continue to believe that wilderness designation is an effective means of preserving archaeological resources.

When land is designated as wilderness, motorized vehicles, oil, gas, and mining facilities, and road construction are forbidden. Archaeological resources in wilderness areas are protected simply by virtue of the fact that access is restricted.

Financial resources for protecting archaeological sites are extremely limited. The BLM lacks funds to effectively police its lands, notwithstanding substantial efforts by its professional staff. Because of its essentially passive nature, wilderness designation promotes greater protection, but with little cost.

Even though the methods of performing archaeological work would be rendered more cumbersome by wilderness designation and all it entails vis-à-vis restrictions on motorized vehicle use, surface disturbance, and the use of power tools, the restrictions do not render the work impossible. If the site is important enough to warrant spending scarce funds for excavation, archaeologists will find a way to get there. And so long as the legislation doesn’t include blanket prohibitions against surface disturbance, they will fashion the means of performing the work.

In any event, wilderness designation will promote preservation of archaeological resources for future generations, when analytical techniques and theoretical models for evaluating data presumably will be more sophisticated than they are today. Archaeologists should bear in mind that their responsibility is not limited to designing projects that increase our understanding of past cultures, but that it is also their responsibility to do so “while causing minimal attrition of the archaeological resource base.” UPAC Code of Ethics. Setting aside the sites, even if it retards the pace of legitimate archaeological research, serves the ultimate goal of promoting our understanding of what the data mean, and future generations of archaeologists will be grateful if today’s archaeologists do whatever they can to preserve the sites.

The Case Against Wilderness Designation as a Means of Protecting Archaeological Resources

Some UPAC members do not believe that wilderness designation is an effective means of preserving archaeological resources.

Pothunters who engage in looting for profit or personal collection are intensely motivated, and will reach archaeological sites regardless of the sites’ location in designated wilderness areas. Even if would-be looters obey the restrictions against using motorized vehicles, thereby limiting the volume of material that can be removed from a site, this does not limit the extent of damage that can be inflicted on a site in the course of a search for the most marketable or highly prized objects. In any case, because looters are scofflaws, it seems likely that notwithstanding stringent regulations, some will continue to use motorized vehicles to achieve their ends.

Wilderness designation might even increase attrition of archaeological resources by making the designated areas even more attractive to visitors. In other words, wilderness designation might act as a magnet for hikers and other recreational users, and by virtue of the land’s increased use, casual collecting is accelerated. Additionally, archaeological sites are often unintentionally damaged by well-meaning people who don’t understand the consequences of their actions. Wilderness designation does nothing to stop this sort of damage. Moreover, increased visitor use does not necessarily entail increased agency funding for managing all those additional visitors.

There are no recent systematic data to support the position that wilderness designation will protect archaeological resources. Similar restrictions on motorized access to land elsewhere in Utah arguably has made little difference.

Restrictions on using motorized vehicles on lands designated as wilderness also apply to law enforcement officials. Accordingly, any policing is limited to what can be done on foot, thereby greatly reducing the amount of territory officers can cover. Additionally, the inability to use motorized vehicles potentially jeopardizes ranger safety, and limits the manner in which they perform their duties.

Especially because of surface disturbance restrictions and limited access to sites, wilderness designation impairs conducting legitimate archaeological research in a physical sense, and makes it more costly. Ironically, conducting archaeological research under the restrictions and expense imposed by wilderness designation may mean that in the long run, more sites are at risk of looting.

Moreover, because the integrity of academic archaeological research depends on being able to focus research in geographic areas and on particular sites likely to produce data for testing models, wilderness designation may arbitrarily and artificially limit theoretical archaeological research.

The Inherent Tension Between Site Preservation and Archaeological Research

Archaeological sites are valuable because of the information they may yield, yet the information can only be attained by destroying the site. Because of the inherent and unresolvable tension between the two, UPAC acknowledges the need to achieve a balance between learning about the past and protecting substantial portions of the archaeological record for the future.

Wilderness designation retards legitimate archaeological research, but may afford more protection to sites than they would have if the land were not so designated. UPAC cannot endorse one of these considerations over the other, even though many of its members are wilderness enthusiasts in other contexts.

Relentless societal processes such as increased population density and a concomitant increase in visitor use of public lands threaten to overwhelm the archaeological community’s considerable achievements in the areas of research, public education, site protection, and policing. Under these circumstances, reserving sites for future research is meaningless unless the public through its legislative and administrative branches is committed to active management of archaeological resources. This means, among other things, adequate funding for research and a greater commitment to permit excavation of sites most likely to maximize the yield of relevant information, notwithstanding restrictions on surface disturbance for purposes other than archaeological research. - Kristen Jensen, UPAC Vice President for Membership & Ethics for UPAC Executive Committee. Statement prepared by Kate Toomey, as appointed by the Executive Committee.

MEETINGS

USAS - The annual Utah Statewide Archaeological Society (USAS) statewide convention will be held June 6-9, 2002 at Antelope Island State Park, Davis County, Utah. The convention is open to the public (although registration is required for full participation) and offers a range of activities including speakers, workshops, and other hands-on activities.

At present, speakers, tour guides, and workshop instructors include: Peter Ainsworth, Genevieve Atwood, Donald Grayson (keynote speaker), David Jabusch, Kathy Kankainan, David Madsen, Matt Peters, Ella Sorenson, Steve Simms, Betsy Skinner, Ron Rood, and state park personnel.

Additional details regarding the 2002 USAS convention will be made available in the future. Please contact Rachel Quist (rachelquist@yahoo.com; 801-320-9655) or Marty Thomas (801-553-3577 or 292-7859) for additional information.
– Submitted by Rachel Quist

GBAC - GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONFERENCE

The 28th Biennial Conference, to be held on October 9-12, 2002, at the Elko Convention & Visitors Authority, 700 Moren Way, Elko NV. Program Chair: Patricia Dean at deanpatr@isu.edu. Local Arrangements: Eric Dillingham at Eric_Dillingham@nv.blm.gov. Please check our web site at: www.isu.edu/departments/GBAC/ First call for papers will be mailed by the 29th of March, 2002.
- Submitted by Patricia Dean

RESEARCH NOTES

Announcing new NMAC publications!
($10 each plus $4.50 s/h)
New Mexico Archeological Council
P.O. Box 25691
Albuquerque, NM 87125

Examining the Course of Southwest Archaeology: The 1995 Durango Conference edited by David A. Phillips Jr. and Lynne Sebastian
NMAC Special Publication No. 3 (ca. 175 pages + frontmatter)
ISBN 0-9646931-2-7, 2001

Introduction, by David A. Phillips, Jr. History, Contingency, and Process: Ways of Thinking about the Past, by Lynne Sebastian and Randall H. McGuire. On- and Off-Again Complexity from South American to the Southwest, by Warren R. DeBoer. Science and Humanism: The Hero Twins of Western Thought, by Alice B. Kehoe. Alternative Explanations: A Case Study from the Salado Polychromes, by Patricia L. Crown. An Overview of Gender Archaeology in the Southwest, by Kelly Hays-Gilpin. Southwestern Foodways: Beyond Nutrition, by George Gumerman IV. Local Systems and Regional Economies, by James M. Bayman and Miriam T. Stark. Rethinking the Archaeology of the Northern San Juan: The Case of Crow Canyon's Research, by Richard H. Wilshusen and William D. Lipe. Creating Alternative Cultural Histories in the Prehistoric Southwest: Agent-Based Modeling in Archaeology, by George J. Gumerman and Timothy Kohler. A Durango Conference Critique: Some Comments by an Avocational Archaeologist, by John Sanders. A Middle-of-the-Road View of Archaeology, by Jane H. Kelley. Archaeological Practice and Theory: Toward a Better Understanding of the Past and Its Application to the Future, by George J. Gumerman and George Gumerman IV. (plus Workshop Reports by Margaret Nelson, Dean Saitta and Philip Duke, Jill Neitzel, and Curtis Schaafsma).

Chaco Society and Polity: Papers from the 1999 Conference edited by Linda S. Cordell, W. James Judge, and June-el Piper. NMAC Special Publication No. 4. ISBN 0-9646931-3-5, 2001 (ca. 90 pages + frontmatter)

Perspectives on Chaco Society and Polity, by Linda S. Cordell and W. James Judge. Monumental Architecture as Conspicuous Display in Chaco Canyon, by Nancy Mahoney. House Location Patterns in the Chaco Canyon Area: A Short Description, by Tom Windes. We Have Learned a Lot, But We Still Have More to Learn, by Mark Varien. Revisiting the Chaco "Rituality," by Norman Yoffee. Chaco Social Organization: A Peripheral View, by John A. Ware.

To order, contact me via e-mail or send a check for $10 per book plus $4.50
s/h (per order; up to four books) to the above address. Books will be
shipped via U.S. mail.

June-el Piper
NMAC Publications Committee

National Park Service

The Intermountain Cultural Resources Management program of the National Park Service is please to announce the publication of An Archeological Survey of Natural Bridges National Monument, Southeastern Utah, by Janet L. McVickar. The report presents the results of problem-oriented analyses on chronology, settlement and subsistence, site typology, architecture, ceramics, lithics. If you have not received a copy of the report, but would like to, please e-mail Bob Powers at bob_powers@nps.gov or send a written request (Anthropology Project Services, National Park Service, P.O.
Box 728, Santa Fe, NM 87504-0728), including your mailing address. We expect to distribute the remaining copies of the report over the next two months. It is a free government publication.

BLM

If you were thrilled by the “Anasazi Basketmaker” volume published by the BLM in 1993, you’ll want to be first in line to get the next, eagerly-awaited volume in the series: “Kaibabitsinüngwü: An Archaeological Sample Survey of the Kaiparowits Plateau,” by Phil R. Geib, Jim H. Collette and Kimberly Spurr. The report is No. 25 in the BLM’s Cultural Resource Series, and is scheduled to be available at the SAA meeting in Denver this March. If you can successfully pronounce the name of the report in one try, Phil will buy you coffee while he’s at the meeting and, heck, maybe he’ll throw in a croissant.

The report is a synthesis of two seasons’ survey on the Kaiparowits Plateau of the new Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in Utah. The survey was conducted by the Navajo Nation Archaeology Department (NNAD)-Northern Arizona University branch office in Flagstaff. NNAD crews surveyed 17,280 acres (108 quarter-sections) in a stratified random sample across nine strata, and recorded 710 archaeological sites. This is the most extensive and intensive survey of the plateau yet conducted, and the report should be valuable for anyone interested in Archaic, Anasazi, and Southern Paiute use of south-central Utah.

For the true cognoscenti, NNAD is finalizing a report on a separate sample survey of East Clark Bench for the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration. NNAD had previously surveyed a portion of the bench as part of the Kaiparowits Plateau Survey. The new survey incorporates land that the state of Utah received in exchange for state land parcels that had been located in the monument. NNAD surveyed 10 quarter-sections (1600 acres) and recorded 37 archaeological sites. The report, “An Archaeological Sample Survey of the Big Water Trust Land Block,” by Jim H. Collette and Kimberly Spurr, should be a useful companion piece to NNAD’s Kaiparowits report. If all goes well, it will be available later this spring from the Utah State Lands office in Salt Lake City.

For more information contact Doug McFadden at the BLM at 435-644-4321, or Jim Collette at NNAD at 928-523-9151, or jim.collette@nau.edu.

Tintic Junction and Jericho Section Station

The Union Pacific Railroad subsidized the organization of the Salt Lake & Western Railway (SL&W) in 1881 in order to expedite the processing of ore from the local mining industries in the West Desert of Utah. In an effort to link the two major industrial centers of Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, the San Pedro, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake (SP, LA, & SL) Railroad was developed in 1902. It was later renamed the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR). By 1905, the construction of railroad routes to access productive mining centers was common. In order to access the mining community of Tintic Junction, the Leamington Cutoff section of the SP, LA, & SL Railroad was developed in approximately 1905. The cutoff included stops at both Tintic Junction and, 20 miles to the south, Jericho Section Station.

The earliest occupation of Tintic Junction was observed in the northeastern portion of the site in an area that may be representative of a possible railroad construction encampment dating to approximately 1905. From 1920 to1960, Tintic Junction appears to have seen intensive occupation. The character of the assemblage dating to this time period indicates that two areas of the site were used as residential areas and residential disposal areas by the section foremen, gandydancers, and their families. The southeastern portion of Tintic Junction was primarily used as a habitation area for the family of a Japanese section foreman for the railroad, Jinzaburo Matsumiya, and other railroad workers. The west side of the site contained railroad section houses which were probably occupied by other railroad section foremen and their families. The areas around these section houses had landscaping features such as patios, porches, walkways, and linear brick alignments indicative of garden borders, and associated refuse disposal areas.

Archaeological investigations at Jericho Section Station indicate that there were probably three separate functions of the site. The predominant and constant function as a section station associated with the operation of the railroad was indicated small, localized, midden areas and a cook house. The second function was associated with annual sheep ranching-related activities consisting of annual sheep-shearing, supplying and supporting the shearing activity, and transporting the wool to market. These activities are still in operation today (though they are not associated with the railroad). The third use of Jericho Section Station was associated with Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) projects including constructing a watering system and building a road.

By the mid-1950s, the UPRR had replaced all of the steam engines in use between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles with diesel engines. As a result, section stations located along the route that had served primarily as water stops, such as Tintic and Jericho, became obsolete. Activities at both sites came to an end and the stations were subsequently abandoned in the 1960's.

–Krislyn Taite and Sonia Hutmacher

LEGAL STUFF

(I don’t know if this is still current news – Ed.)

There are two bills in Congress that would help fund the Utah Museum of Natural History at the University of Utah. The text of the House version follows. The House committee that was assigned the bill, the Subcommittee on National Parks, Recreation, and Public Lands (of the Resources Committee) held a hearing on June 26 to markup the bill. The results of the markup are not yet available on the web.

Utah Public Lands Artifact Preservation Act of 2001 (Introduced in the House)
HR 1491 IH
107th CONGRESS 1st Session
H. R. 1491

To assist in the preservation of archaeological, paleontological, zoological, geological, and botanical artifacts through construction of a new facility for the University of Utah Museum of Natural History, Salt Lake City, Utah.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
April 4, 2001

Mr. MATHESON (for himself, Mr. Hansen, and Mr. Cannon) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Resources

A BILL
To assist in the preservation of archaeological, paleontological, zoological, geological, and botanical artifacts through construction of a new facility for the University of Utah Museum of Natural History, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Utah Public Lands Artifact Preservation Act of 2001'.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that--
(1) the collection of the Utah Museum of Natural History in Salt Lake City, Utah, includes more than 1,000,000 archaeological, paleontological, zoological, geological, and botanical artifacts;
(2) the collection of items housed by the Museum contains artifacts from land managed by--
(A) the Bureau of Land Management;
(B) the Bureau of Reclamation;
(C) the National Park Service;
(D) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and
(E) the Forest Service;
(3) more than 75 percent of the Museum's collection was recovered from federally managed public land; and
(4) the Museum has been designated by the legislature of the State of Utah as the State museum of natural history.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) MUSEUM- The term `Museum' means the University of Utah Museum of Natural History in Salt Lake City, Utah.
(2) SECRETARY- The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of the Interior.

SEC. 4. ASSISTANCE FOR UNIVERSITY OF UTAH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
(a) ASSISTANCE FOR MUSEUM- The Secretary shall make a grant to the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah, to pay the Federal share of the costs of construction of a new facility for the Museum, including the design, planning, furnishing, and equipping of the Museum.
(b) GRANT REQUIREMENTS-
(1) IN GENERAL- To receive a grant under subsection (b), the Museum shall submit to the Secretary a proposal for the use of the grant.
(2) FEDERAL SHARE- The Federal share of the costs described in subsection (a) shall not exceed 25 percent.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act $15,000,000, to remain available until expended.

Marc Kodack
916-557-6818
mailto:mkodack@spk.usace.army.mil

SUMMER FIELD SCHOOLS

BYU 2002 Field School in Grand Staircase/Escalante National Monument

Brigham Young University will continue archaeological research in south central Utah by holding its annual archaeological field school in scenic and rugged Grand Staircase/Escalante National Monument (GSENM) near the town of Escalante, Utah. This commitment follows three years of field school (1996-1998) held in nearby Capitol Reef National Park. BYU’s Office of Public Archaeology has continued the work with surveys in the northern Circle Cliffs and the Deer Creek drainage as well as excavations at a small rock shelter on Deer Creek. The work is being done as part of a cooperative agreement with the Monument. This will be the second year of three that the field school will take place in the GSENM.

Archaeological research in 2001 focused on Big Flats and in Escalante Canyon just east of town. The study area was occupied by small scale farmers in the past and, although Doug McFadden had surveyed portions of the region, professional excavations have been few since the University of Utah’s Glen Canyon research of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Basic questions on the project focused on testing McFadden’s settlement model based on his survey of the region over the past several years. Specifically, goals were to determine the age of the many slab-lined pit houses here, the time of year people lived in those houses, and the reasons for locating in this area far from permanent water. Given that the archaeological literature describes this area as a boundary zone between Fremont and Anasazi farmers, research also explored evidences of ethnicity. Students documented architectural style during the field work and focused on ceramic technology and the characteristics of other portable material culture (arrow points, beads, worked bone, etc.) during the fall lab class.

We have some answers to the above questions. A corn date from one of the slab-lined pit houses places occupation at about 1000 AD. A smaller, shallower structure with several storage pits but no slab lining dates at least 200 years earlier suggesting long term redundant use of the area. Although seasonality data were scarce to non-existent, the thin middens and lithic assemblage characteristics suggest relatively short term use of the houses. Portable material culture (ceramics, beads, projectile points) and rock art resembles Fremont styles, while residential architecture is more like Anasazi structures to the south. Research over the next two seasons will attempt to define the totality of the Fremont/Anasazi strategies in the region and will continue to explore the boundary zone issue.

Students completed a large block survey on Big Flats and documented sites in adjacent Escalante Canyon in 2001. Their findings, combined with the previous BLM work, brings the Big Flats site total to about 150. Approximately thirty of these contain evidence of pit houses and likely date to roughly the time period noted above and suggest significant use of Big Flats a thousand years ago. Sites containing Archaic or Late Prehistoric diagnostics were scarce. Students recorded a number of rock art sites and granaries in the canyon as well.

Field school students also participated in a service learning project held at Anasazi State Park in Boulder, Utah. Katie Baker, director of the service learning effort, arranged for over 100 elementary school children to travel to the Park to learn how and why archaeology is done and the importance of site preservation. The project involved seven elementary schools from Garfield and Wayne Counties.

The 2002 field school will continue the emphasis on the farming period in the Escalante drainage and will include additional excavation and survey. The work will be done between May 1 and June 20th. Visitors are welcome. To obtain directions to the BYU camp contact Joel Janetski at BYU.

Utah State University Archaeology Field School
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ANCESTRAL PUEBLOANS IN SOUTHWESTERN UTAH

MAY 10 – JUNE 19, 2002

Anthropology 5300. 5 credits. $652 tuition (subject to legislative change) + $400 fee.
Nonresident tuition is not charged for USU summer semester courses. For general information about Utah State University, application to the university and on-line registration go to: www.usu.edu

• Prerequisite: Anthropology 1030 World Archaeology or equivalent introductory course.
• Application form: If an application form does not accompany this flyer, call or email for one. A place in the field school is not guaranteed until tuition/fee payment is made.
• Apply early: Enrollment limited to 15 students and qualified applicants are accepted first come, first serve.

Participate in survey and excavation of Virgin Anasazi sites near Kanab, Utah. Students are instructed by Professor Simms (who is in the field at all times) and two experienced teaching assistants. Students will acquire experience in stratigraphic excavation using the “feature system,” archaeological survey, site recording, Global Positioning Systems, and various mapping techniques. A field laboratory and laptop computers will be used for initial data processing. Students will also be thoroughly exposed to archaeological laws, regulations and ethics, the organization of an archaeological project, and the cultural resource management industry. The team will be based in a field camp in a beautiful setting near the Vermillion Cliffs, part of the Grand Staircase. The area provides opportunities for hiking, sightseeing and field trips to other archaeological sites.

Who is this course for?
• The course is ideal for students considering employment in cultural resource management, environmental education, heritage resources management/tourism, and school teaching.
• The course emphasizes the nuts and bolts of “dirt archaeology.” Combined with life in a desert field camp, the course can also provide a memorable broadening experience for students of many backgrounds who desire some exposure to archaeology as part of their education.

Organization and schedule
Following a one-day orientation on campus, we will travel to our field camp near Kanab and work three 10-day sessions with 4 day breaks in between (see below). Transport to Logan for each four-day break is provided, or students may stay at the field camp during their breaks. The field school fee includes all archaeological equipment, transportation, high quality food, and communal camp equipment (e.g., full kitchen, shaded dining areas, shower, latrine). Participants are organized into cooking
and camp chore teams. Participants provide personal camping gear (e.g., tent, sleeping bag). While rustic, the food is “camp gourmet,” the “front yard” is spectacular and camp life is convivial.

• May 10. All day class on USU campus.
• May 13-22. First 10 day field session.
• May 27-June 5. Second 10 day field session.
• June 10-19. Third 10 day field session.

Direct application forms and questions to:
Dr. Steven R. Simms
Anthropology
Utah State University
Logan, UT 84322-0730
(435) 797-1277
ssimms@hass.usu.edu

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